TECHNICAL EFFICIENCYOF MAIZE PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

This study examined the technical efficiency of maize production among smallholder farmers
in Southwest Nigeria, utilizing cross-sectional data from 384 randomly selected farmers across
three states. The research employed a multi-stage sampling technique and analyzed data using
stochastic frontier production function and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Results revealed
that the mean technical efficiency was 0.67, indicating that farmers could increase their output
by 33% using existing technology and input levels. Farm size (β=0.342, p<0.01), fertilizer
application (β=0.278, p<0.05), and labor input (β=0.224, p<0.05) significantly influenced
technical efficiency. Age of farmers negatively affected efficiency (β=-0.156, p<0.01), while
education level showed positive correlation (β=0.189, p<0.05). The study found that 62% of
farmers operated below optimal efficiency levels, with smallholder farmers (≤2 hectares)
achieving 58% efficiency compared to 74% for larger farms. Credit access improved efficiency
by 28%, while extension service contact increased efficiency by 15%. The findings suggest
significant potential for productivity improvement through enhanced resource allocation,
improved farming techniques, and better access to agricultural support services.